The Apprehensions And Anxieties Of Graduate Masters Of...

Evidence Search Our review of research on the apprehensions and anxieties of graduate Masters of Social Work students entering practice encompasses studies from 1990 through 2015. Processing the information that would be productive for valid search our research team used three search engines that produce the evidence-based material. The search engines used included: Google Scholar, Ebsco Host, and JSTOR through Arkansas State University One Search. The relevant search terms selected for this study included: stress with social work students (584hits), anxiety and MSW students (601 hits), fitness to practice, graduate education, profession (791 hits). Next we took into account the number of entries being considered; however, usually it is a small percentage of entries that are found to be relevant to the topic one is searching. Adding the search terms into various databases yielded a result of a total of 1976 articles. The first 20 results per entry were examined for relevance. Among these entries, only 10 were found relevant to the formulated question being observed. Articles that may have been prevalent yet excluded were due to no funding for the research and many of the additional articles were from other than the United States. Additionally, articles must have been written in English to be considered. Literature Review In reviewing the literature, although many studies were found that examined sources of stress and anxieties for graduating MSW students,Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesobtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesobtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmiss ion in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. 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Portrayal of Teenage Girls in the Media Free Essays

In the United States of America, citizens possess the privilege to enjoy the freedom of speech and the freedom to express their views and feelings under the protection of the U. S. Constitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Portrayal of Teenage Girls in the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, there may be a point at which freedom of speech is abused or escalated to an unethical level that may be harmful to the well-being of society, particularly the youth of today and the future leaders of our world. Over the years, the question â€Å"should parents be concerned about the portrayal of teenage girls in the media? † has become a significant controversial moral issue in society. The portrayal of teenage girls in the media is a controversial moral issue because of the cultural sensitivity and the perceived intrusiveness of the subject. This issue primarily concerns the excessiveness of sexual content and unbecoming images of young women exposed through the media. Needless to say, this question leaves many parents ill at ease. Images, perceived norms and new trends are consistently being set for how young girls and women must look, act, think, and feel in order to be successful and accepted in today’s society. There has been an ongoing debate concerning moral actions that need to be taken to regulate the appropriateness of age sensitive material being permeated throughout the media. Media is everywhere; it is in classrooms, advertisements, movies, televisions, magazines, newspapers, the internet, the workplace, and in homes all over the country, and it continues to infuse the world and our lives. Media does not only sell tangible products, but also morals, values, concepts of life, and success, and to some extent normalcy (Killing Us Softly 3). Whether positive or negative, consciously or unconsciously, media affects each and every one of us every day. Young girls are being exposed to a supposed ‘ideal’ image of female beauty through the years of media exposure. For example, the notion that the most important thing to a young woman should be her physical appearance is an idea that is acquired at a very young age. Even before a girl reaches puberty, she is already aware of her physical appearance and the effect it has on her stand in society. Extreme and unhealthy amounts of guilt and shame can follow if the young woman does not achieve that perception (Killing Us Softly 3). Many people in America’s society believe that the media’s unethical behavior is to blame for influencing and even producing some of the nation’s growing problems among teens, such as eating disorders, increased participation in sexual activity, pregnancy rates, rape, increased alcohol consumption and drug use. Others, however, feel that society should not blame the media for the inappropriate behavior and that lack of discipline and morals among teens in today’s society, but rather blame the parents and educators who influence and guide those teens. The majority of parents hold the media responsible for the corruption of the morals of teenage girls. They believe that the media’s widely unrealistic and unhealthy depiction of young women and what they are supposed to look and behave like in order to be socially accepted and respected has allowed and encouraged teenage girls to become overly consumed in achieving this supposed ideal. Sadly, it has left many girls confused, in danger, or even dead. Supporters of this position argue that â€Å"the mainstream corporate media construct sex and sexuality in ways that limit and hamper girls’ healthy sexual development† (Durham 12). They trust that there is more evidence that the messages teenage girls are getting about sex from media are harmful rather than helpful (12). Intervention began to be a growing demand from the public audience. One potential resolution to this moral issue is to continue revising and producing television and movie ratings that are current, relevant, and constructive to the current images spread through the media. For example, a ban on commercials and advertisements that objectify women and promote sexual behavior would be effective to alleviate these unethical teen images. The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) ratings and the TV Parental Guidelines (a TV ratings system designed to give parents more information about the content and age-appropriateness of TV programs) (â€Å"TV†) can be used â€Å"to allow parents to block out programs they do not want their children to see, based on the ratings† (â€Å"TV†) and other personal preferences. These types of sources support and encourage media restrictions and the facilitation of providing cleaner and more appropriate television for children. Promoting a more realistic and healthy body image, lifestyle, and attitude for today’s young women through public service announcements is another form of media that advocates healthy teen behavior. According to supporters of such sources, consumer advocacy and action is a principal task in resolving this problem. People have the power to critique, analyze, challenge, and affirm media messages, and also have the option of turning off, boycotting, and disengaging from media that denigrate or insult girls (Durham 227). Just as producers have the right to produce and distribute these messages, the public audience has the right to question and challenge them. It is both the responsibility and obligation of the American society and the government to ensure a safer, healthier, more promising nation for girls to develop and grow without negative imagery, or false and fabricated ideals being fed to them through media. Nonetheless, these potential resolutions to limiting the indecent exposure of teenage girls in the media predictably stir up opposition. Some people believe that society should not blame the media for the inappropriate behavior and lack of discipline and morals among teens in today’s society, but rather the parents and educators who influence and guide those teens. Also, they argue that not all media is bad media, and consider the idea that adults are biased against teens. They believe that those who oppose their belief have over exaggerated the media’s impact on today’s youth, claiming that â€Å"seeing attractive models [has] become such a familiar experience that exposure no longer produces a reaction strong enough to influence self-perception or ones general sense of hope† (Wagner 120). Meaning, that girls have become desensitized to this kind of imagery that does not psychology affect them as much as some would like to believe. After analyzing and being influenced by both sides of the argument, the leading proposed solution to me would be to alter the ideal image of female beauty and appeal disseminated by the media, then to extensively promote and advertise an improved, healthier, beautiful, and more realistic idea of female beauty. The media’s negative imagery has had an impact on the majority of today’s youth and is noticeably a serious problem. This impact has infected the minds of young growing girls with unrealistic and dangerous notions of perfection and lifestyle, clearly leaving parents concerned. America’s teenage generation is disregarding moral values and the practice of self-respect, faith, self awareness and the embracing of childhood experiences, and rather engaging in activities involving immoral behavior which are simply not age-appropriate. Although who can blame them, since this type of behavior has become socially acceptable due to the media’s infiltration into America’s homes and spread of images and ideals focused rebellious behavior, sexual active, parental defiance, and distorted imagery of beauty and health. The American society should take action as concerned citizens by voicing their opinions to society and demanding a decrease of the objectification and sexualization of females in the media. Additionally, since advertising agencies are not going to immediately rid themselves of the negative unethical habits with regard to female imagery in the media, continuing to produce and broadcast understandable and accurate ratings on all television programs, movies and even advertisements is an effective way to inform parents about what their children are watching and being influenced by. Many young girls worry about the contours of their bodies, especially shape, size, and even muscle tone, because of the belief that the body is the ultimate expression of the self and beauty (Durham 128). This kind of mentality can cause long-term physical and mental damage and can push young girls to dangerous limits. Communities should promote extracurricular programs that help young people develop self-esteem based on traits such as ability, talents, character, and academics, rather than simply physical appearance. The need to replace sexualized images with positive images of females endorsing notions other than physical beauty is vital. The goal should be to deliver messages to all adolescents, boys and girls, which lead to healthy, safe and realistic development. Our government has an obligation to protect its citizens from harmful and dangerous things; ultimately, these things are under the government’s control. The negative influences generated by media on young girls should be taken into consideration and should be diminished, even if that means comprising the few positives. This lasting controversy is clearly a conflict between the values of health, safety, self-esteem, and ethical choices of teenage girls on one side, and the support of logical evidence and standpoints and the parental supervision aspect on the other. While promoting positive messages to youth through the media is the ultimate plan and goal for supporting the change in images presented by the young girls about young girls, every solution can back fire. Some may believe that attempting to transform the media is a waste of time because these corporations behind it all will not bend easily since the obvious result and reason for a lack of good conscience is loss of profits and loss of the number one selling point, sex. However, if enough people take a stand and stop buying products with discriminating and insulting ad campaigns, turn off the television shows displaying high school students having sex and doing drugs, stop allowing their children to go see the movies that encourage and reward poor behavior among teens, then a demand will not go nnoticed. This may force those corporations responsible for the media to change this rising controversial moral problem and take us one step closer to having healthier, happier, growing young girls, rather than confused, pressured, unsatisfied, and vulnerable young teenage girls living everyday of their lives engulfed by an array of poor images and trying to live up to a image that is unhealthy, unsafe, unethical, or simply just doesn’t exist. Works Cited Durham, Gigi. The Lolita Effect. New York: Overlook P, The, 2008. Killing Us Softly 3: Advertising’s Image of Women. Dir. Sut Jhally. Perf. Jean Kilbourne. 2001. â€Å"TV Ratings. † The TV Parental Guidelines. 2008. 1 Nov. 2008 . Wagner, Viqi. Eating Disorders. New York: Greenhaven P, Incorporated, 2007. How to cite Portrayal of Teenage Girls in the Media, Papers

The Concept of Marketing Mix-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyse how the key elements of the Marketing Mix Contribute to an Organisation's Marketing Strategy. Answer: In the present scenario, development of appropriate marketing mix is crucial for overall success of a business enterprise. The concept of marketing mix relies on four key elements which are product, price, place and promotion. Further, product can be termed as the goods or services which are offered to the target market to satisfy their actual need and requirement(Hanssens et al. 2014). Marketer helps in identification of the risk associated with changing customer demand with regards to consumption of product. On the other hand, price is the monetary value at which product is offered to the target market. Marketers play important role in setting up the price of product and service. Strategies such as competitive pricing strategy, penetration strategy and another form of tools are employed by the marketers to determine the price. Another important element of marketing mix is place which can be termed as the actual location from where products are offered to the target market. Marketer supports companies in identify good locations which are convenient for customers and large volume of sales can be easily generated by the same. Nowadays, marketers focuses on making use of physical store and online stores which support in attracting customers(Huang Sarigll 2014). The last element of marketing mix is promotion where marketers use different tools and techniques to create awareness and demand of their products/services. Here, techniques such as discount, offers and social media marketing are used by marketers to attract people from target market and increase sales. The theory of consumer behavior accepts that consumer has a proper understanding of all the commodities present in the marketplace along with price and his/her income level. It can be expressed that there are various factors which affect the behavior of consumers(Leonidou, Katsikeas Morgan 2013). Marketers play a crucial role in identification of the key factors associated with buying behaviors of people in the market. Further, marketers also influence purchase behavior of target market by different tools and strategies. Considering the nature of marketing theory, the ultimate objective of every company to maximize its sales volume and enhancing the overall brand value. Further, marketers apply various tactics with the motive to position its brand properly and this reduces risk associated with product failure. Apart from this, due to the high level of competition marketers are required to place higher efforts in identification of needs, creating demand and to achieve long term success of the business. Marketers carry out intense market research to identify the changing demand if people in the market. Marketers also develop and implement different type of promotion and marketing strategy to attract customers and increase the volume of sales. Various marketing issues are faced by the marketers and it influences overall productivity of the business. Further, lack of resources is the main challenge where marketers do not have adequate finance to invest in branding, marketing and another form of promotions(Steenkamp 2017). At risks assessment marketers play significant role in identification of the different internal and external risk which can affect the overall operations and business activities. Marketers also developed appropriate strategies to manage and control the identified risk. Ineffectiveness of marketing tools used can be termed as another business problem faced by marketers. In order to address the identified problem, the marketer has carried out certain changes in the overall marketing strategy. At present the business is making use of traditional marketing channels and now more emphasis will be laid on online platform for marketing. The target customer will be people who fall under middle income group and age 25-40. The marketing objective will be to increase sales of X product by 20% within one year. Product position will be done as a low cost premium quality product. The marketer will be carrying out certain changes in products as per the existing customers need and demand. The tools which are going to be used here include social media, email and internet marketing. References Books and Journals Hanssens, D, Pauwels, KH, Srinivasan, S, Vanhuele, M Yildirim, G 2014, 'Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions. ', Marketing Science, vol 33, no. 4, pp. 534-550. Huang, R Sarigll, E 2014, 'How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix', In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors , pp. 113-132. Leonidou, CN, Katsikeas, CS Morgan, NA 2013, 'Greening the marketing mix: do firms do it and does it pay off?', Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol 41, no. 2, pp. 151-170. Steenkamp, JB 2017, ' Global Marketing Mix Decisions: Global Integration, Not Standardization', In Global Brand Strategy, pp. 75-109.

Mobile Phone and Technology free essay sample

In our daily lives, technology is being improved and developed every day, and has changed our society tremendously. Due to technology improvement, we are provided with several information that we are curious about. Devices such as a GPS, cell phones, computers, and even a calculator makes our lives easier. Communication is one advantage of technology in our society. Technological advances have saved our lives and have benefited our society. It has brought distant places closer and has made our world a smaller place to live in. Technology has changed our understanding of the way things work and changes the way we interact with one another. Every day, a new device is being released or introduced to us. When we think of technology, we think of computers and electronic devices. The truth is, technology can be almost anything. For example, the wheel is an example of technology and was one of the first few technology first invented. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The wheel was invented and first discovered by Mesopotamians. Nowadays, we have wheels on our cars, bicycles, chairs, etc. it has made our lives easier to move around. Another example of a technology that has been developed in modern day society is the first computer. In 1837 Charles Babbage proposed the first general mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine. Today, the computer is used worldwide and is being developed up till today. The computer has been improved an developed into a thin working machine and it provides us with several information. Companies that build these types of technologies want to make them better and more efficient and they keep releasing new devices that are smaller and faster. Everyone around the world, in terms of communication technology, uses any type of device to communicate. One of the most important effect and change of technology is communication. An endless number of people all over the world use and benefit from modern technology Computers were developed to attain the capability of being portable and integrate communication at the same time. Later on, laptops were invented. Instead of having to sit at a desktop, you can carry a laptop around with you, and get access to it through Wi-Fi. In terms of social media, many individuals use several sites to communicate with each other, such as, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Instagram, Gmail, etc. This had helped many people in such way as communicating with a relative or a loved around any part of the world, or finding the one for them. As a result of the internet and social media, it can be extremely beneficial. For instance, say a student is absent from class, and he/she is missing homework; he/she can simply ask a classmate through an email or any social media or their teacher through the computer or phone. Without the use of communication through phones, computers, and laptops, the outcome would lead to many unsolved problems and unknown solutions. We wouldn’t get business done. The evolution of technology has dramatically changed society. Medical technology, referring to equipment such as MRI and CT Scanners, mammograms, etc. , has improved the human life. Medical technology has extended our life expectancy. Doctors and nurses use medical equipment to search the patient’s body, to establish and examine what has happened to them. Examining the problem of the patient, through the outcome of the result of the scans or tests, the doctor or physician can determine what kind of treatment to provide the patient to cure them. From treatments to removing a tumor, giving vaccines, identifying a type of medication is all due to technology. This has made an impact in everyone’s lives. For instance, for those who suffer from diabetes now have access to very accurate blood glucose monitoring technologies. This means that they can monitor on a daily basis and control their condition much more effectively reducing the risk of suffering the common signs of diabetes, such as blindness and nerve damage. Technology in the medical field has allowed the ability for individuals with any type of illness, to have productive lives. Technology has made an incredible impression on education. Everything from smart boards to smart phones has transformed education from students and instructors perspectives. These tools have enhanced communication, research, literacy, etc. They impact the way students learn. As students continue to rely upon technology, they will master these tools and how they work, increasing their ability on education. In addition, if a student is home schooled or needs tutoring, an excellent way to approach this, is through the internet. The students can get tutoring online from teachers. Another way technology has made an astounding influence on education is doing research. A student might have to do a report or an essay on a topic he/she has never heard about nor has little knowledge about; they can basically go online and do research on that topic. The internet will provide you with countless information. In addition, with computers teachers can monitor a student’s progress or give them more individual help they need. Nowadays, students don’t need to carry around an enormous heavy book around. All they need is a laptop or a portable device. They can find all the books they need for their classes, instead of having to have several books stacked up on each other. It saves you less money and weight. In terms of education, technology has been proven to help students reach their goals and become successful in achieving their goals. Technological advances can be a significant part of life and can makes our lives unproblematic. However, some individuals might not think the same way and might not agree to this statement. Social networking can cause many problems. There have been many reports on cyber bullying and it has led to several deaths. For example, a female can be talking to a male online, and she might think he’s generous, and she might want to meet him somewhere. As a result of this case, she could possibly get raped, abducted, or killed. The main point is that people can imitate or make a fake profile of themselves and place someone else’s picture online and the other person wouldn’t know who it really is. Many parents fear when their child is online talking to someone because they think of the other related stories that have happened to other individuals. Otherwise, a safe solution is to simply not talk to anyone online or make sure it is the person that you are really talking to. You can do this by trying to video chat with them, but never try to meet up with them. The key is to be careful and take caution of who you are talking to. Technology has simplified the access to many necessary tools people need in education, industry, medicine, communication, transportation, etc. In my perspective, technology is a great thing in life. It has helped me in plenty of ways. Due to medication, when having the flu, and taking the antibiotics, it makes me feel better and healthier. You can also get the vaccine to prevent the sickness from happening. Furthermore, communication also has benefited me. I communicate with family members that I have from other countries, such as Guyana. Having a computer , laptop, or cell phone, helps you communicate with anyone around the world and assists you in keeping updated with them. Watching the news every morning on the television, keeps me and others updated with events that are occurring around us, including updates about the weather so you k now what to wear before you step out the house. Besides communication, doing homework and research in relation to education, the internet helps out with a great number of solutions to problems and information. It benefits me in getting things finished more rapidly and I learn more from the devices I use, making me more advanced in my education. Technology has helped me throughout my daily life. Technology is being improved and developed every day, and has changed our society tremendously. Tremendous opportunities it provides play a significant role in almost all fields of human life. The devices that we use today, that were used in the past (about 20 or more years ago) are still being improved in several ways such as a computer, and most importantly, cellular phones. Today, we have phones and laptops that are much smaller, thinner, and faster. Communication is the number one beneficiary in our society and has helped us get to know each other way better and made our world a smaller place to live in. Medicine has made everyone’s life expectancy longer. Years ago, the life expectancy would be approximately 30-50 years of age. Nowadays, people live from 60 to almost 90-100 years of age. Moreover, technology has promoted and assisted many students in education in terms of getting the right information and gaining more knowledge of what they want to learn. Technologys purpose is to make tasks simpler for humans to perform. In 2013, we need technology to help us make a solution to our problems and it has definitely made our daily lives a lot more modest and straightforward.

Common Grammatical Errors Passover Readings and the Singular “They”

Common Grammatical Errors Passover Readings and the Singular â€Å"They† God and Grammar This week I am spending Passover with my family.   Perhaps inspired by the season, I picked up the newsletter that comes from Kolot Chayeinu (â€Å"Voices of Our Lives), the synagogue I used to attend in Brooklyn, New York. I read it cover to cover for the first time in months. It won’t surprise you that a grammatical issue leapt up at me from the pages of the newsletter.   Kathryn Conroy of Kolot Chayeinu writes about the open nature of this progressive congregation: â€Å"The person who prays because they believe that God will personally make a difference in their daily life is not the least bit threatened by the person standing next to them who does not believe in God at all.† The Singular â€Å"They† Did you spot the issue in Kathryn’s sentence?   It has become common for writers to refer to a single person, who could be of either gender, as a â€Å"they.† This â€Å"singular they† construction is grammatically problematic.   Clearly one person does not qualify as a â€Å"they,† â€Å"their† or â€Å"them† (all of which were used in Kathryn’s prose).   Yet we refer, perhaps lazily, or even sloppily, to singles as multiples – because it would be challenging or awkward to be grammatically rigorous. My uncle once created a neutral pronoun for just this situation:   fub.   It didn’t catch on. So at least for now, we’re still stuck with a lack of a non-gendered singular personal pronoun in the English language. Given the current state of affairs and my discomfort with the use of the singular â€Å"they,† I’ve decided to take on the challenge of improving upon the sentence from Kolot Chayeinu’s newsletter.   How would I write this sentence to avoid grammatical detention? Rewriting the Sentence One possibility is: â€Å"The person who prays because he or she believes that God will personally make a difference in his or her daily life is not the least bit threatened by the person standing next to him or her who does not believe in God at all.† Hmmm†¦Ã‚   not so great. Stilted, right? This is exactly the type of sentence Ms. Conroy was avoiding. Next option:   Gender the language.   Here’s what it looks like: â€Å"The woman who prays because she believes that God will personally make a difference in her daily life is not the least bit threatened by the man standing next to her who does not believe in God at all.† I was surprised to discover that this sentence is much more powerful than the original – poignant even in addition to being grammatically sound.   An image is conjured of an actual woman and man standing next to each other praying, rather than of some vague or possible scenario. Third option:   Make it Plural â€Å"Congregation members who pray because they believe that God will personally make a difference in their daily lives are not the least bit threatened by those standing next to them who do not believe in God at all.† This sentence is grammatically correct, though in my opinion it doesnt pack the punch of the gendered option. The Essay Expert is a Traditionalist My vote for Kathryn’s sentence is to use a gendered version. And I prefer even the somewhat stilted language of the rigorously neutral option to the grammatically incorrect original. However, I am a traditionalist. The grammar books don’t necessarily agree with me. Not every situation lends itself to gendered language as well as does Kathryn’s sentence. Sometimes our choice is between the â€Å"singular they† and a stilted â€Å"he/she† in order to avoid politically incorrect gendered language.   And sometimes making the subject plural does the trick quite gracefully. My practice in these situations is to pluralized the subject or to use â€Å"he or she† rather than â€Å"they.† Or, if there are repeated references to a non-gendered â€Å"person† or â€Å"someone† in a piece of prose, I might alternate between the masculine and feminine pronouns.   When in doubt, I err on the side of feminine pronouns. After all, there are hundreds of years of usage of the traditional â€Å"he† to balance things out. Wikipedia Speaks Here’s what Wikipedia reports on the acceptability of the singular â€Å"they†: There has been considerable debate as to the acceptability of singular they. Regarding usage, The Chicago Manual of Style notes: On the one hand, it is unacceptable to a great many reasonable readers to use the generic masculine pronoun (he) in reference to no one in particular. On the other hand, it is unacceptable to a great many readers either to resort to nontraditional gimmicks to avoid the generic masculine (by using he/she or s/he, for example) or to use they as a kind of singular pronoun. Either way, credibility is lost with some readers. With the 14th edition (1993), the Manual briefly revised its neutral stance to actually recommend singular use of they and their, noting a revival of this usage and citing its venerable use by such writers as Addison, Austen, Chesterfield, Fielding, Ruskin, Scott, and Shakespeare. However, regret regarding that printing is expressed at its website; and with the current 15th edition (2003), it has returned to its original neutral position. The 2011 translation of the New International Version Bible utilizes singular they instead of he or he or she, refelecting [sic] changes in English usage. The translators commissioned a study of modern English usage and determined that singular they (them/their) is by far the most common way that English-language speakers and writers today refer back to singular antecedents such as whoever,anyone,somebody,a person,no one, and the like. Your Turn What’s your opinion about how to handle the â€Å"singular they†?   Do you have any sample sentences to send me as a challenge?   Do you see any other ways to write Kathryn’s sentence?   And wouldn’t you love to be part of a community where the openness Kathryn describes is a reality? Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinApril 18, 2011 14 Comments Nancy Anderson says: April 19, 2011 at 8:04 am Happy Passover Brenda, I have always stumbled with the singular they and have used the he/she instead. It would make it so much easier to use Kathryns version as it would save all the rewrite time. I like how you are going to use feminine pronouns because he has been used for so many years. I think I will do the same. Its about time! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 19, 2011 at 8:47 am Happy Passover to you too Nancy! What I really am getting from this conversation is that there is no true right or wrong way to do it. We can choose the way that works best for the situation! I always like it when this happens. Log in to Reply Kristin Johnson says: April 19, 2011 at 10:00 am Happy Passover! Thank you for tackling this irksome subject! Ive grown up believing the singular they was just wrong. Back in high school, which was awhile ago, I was taught to use one in these situations, but evidently this in now passe. I miss it! It was such a convenient solution to the dilemma. Can we create a movement for its comeback? Hope I see you around town when you get back! -Kristin Log in to Reply Linda says: April 20, 2011 at 4:48 pm Happy Passover Brenda! Great post! I, too, am often troubled when I see they used for one person. My resolution has been to insert s/he or refer to him/her as you have done in a sense. Or to rewrite a sentence to make they and them fit better. I like the way you address this topic. Another grammatical issue I was taught when in school was the use of there when starting a sentence. My professor hated it and adamantly taught us to rewrite a sentence to prevent such construction. Since college, however, it seems this has become passe as I have seen many editors begin sentences with There without second thoughts and often justify it. Instead of debating the issue, I merely ensure my writing does not include such usage. What is your thought on this? Also, since we are talking grammatical, I noticed a typo in the second sentence of the second paragraph. Looks like the third word was not omitted upon a rewrite of the sentence. Enjoy your time with family and have a great weekend! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 21, 2011 at 4:06 pm Hi Nancy, thank you for raising the issue of starting a sentence with there. I am comfortable with that usage, e.g., There are many things to be grateful for in life! Sometimes using there to start a sentence is superfluous, e.g., instead of There are many people who disagree with that rule, say Many people disagree with that rule. Thank you for catching my proofreading oversight. It has been corrected! And thank you for the holiday wishes. Im having a wonderful time and look forward to attending the Clearwater Generations concert tomorrow night! Log in to Reply Penelope J. says: April 22, 2011 at 10:59 pm Hi Brenda and Happy Passover! I never had this problem until I came to the U.S. and was doing phone research. The questionnaires were full of grammatical errors and this one, in particular, using they to refer to a singular stuck in my throat. I tried to substitute it verbally with he/she or him/her, but if it looks stilted in writing (except for business letters/reports), it sounded worse when spoken. I love the solution that you gave above, which may require a bit more consideration, but as you said, makes the sentence much more powerful. I have several other grammatical peeves that are becoming more common such as using a instead of an and that instead of who. My English teacher must be turning in her grave at the way the English language is being distorted and rules flagrantly dismissed. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 23, 2011 at 1:12 am Thanks Penelope. Another solution is to use plurals, since we do have a gender-neutral plural third person pronoun. I am with you on the who vs. that issue, though there is debate about whether it is incorrect to refer to people as that. Definitely a topic for me to tackle in the future. The use of a instead of and occurs more in speech than in written communication, as far as I can tell. We live in a constantly evolving world of language and things that were not acceptable even a couple of years ago are now the norm. Log in to Reply Penelope J. says: April 22, 2011 at 11:02 pm Gosh, did I make a mistake when I wrote, Hi Brenda and Happy Passover, as if the latter was also a person! Obviously, it should have read: Hi Brenda. Happy Passover! A mistake in my very first comment about grammatical correctness. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 23, 2011 at 12:53 am Hi Penelope, I would not have noticed that mistake if you hadnt pointed it out! Good catch. I saw one other thing in this recent post, however: I would suggest writing as if the latter *were* also a person. This is an example of the subjunctive tense and I will put it on my list for blog articles in the future! Heres one site I found that addresses the issue: https://www.ceafinney.com/subjunctive/guide.html Thanks so much for your comments Penelope! Log in to Reply Ann Mullen says: April 23, 2011 at 4:39 pm Good afternoon, I would also suggest the following: People who pray because they. . . are not the least threatened by the person standing next to them . . . . I struggle with the singular they when I read it so I often use he or she, or vary the gender of the person in different sentences or different paragraphs. I dont do it consistently because then I appear too worried about the sex of the subjects and not as concerned about my topic. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 23, 2011 at 6:49 pm Hi Ann, yes Ive been thinking that I should add to my article the option of making the subject plural. In this particular example I still like the gendered language because of the picture it draws. I agree that in many instances, however, pluralizing is the best solution! Log in to Reply Paula Lee Bright says: April 25, 2011 at 4:14 am As I mentioned earlier, I am a sinner to the -nth degree! Yes, using they and their bother me when referring to a singular person But Ive decided that readability and the comfort of my readers is more important to me than being grammatically correct. It still galls me. But I go with it! My blog for parents of kids who cant read is as conversational as I can make it, and my personal blog is truly me to you in its style. So even though the purist in my still lives!- I have adapted and accept what people feel most comfortable with. Because quite honestly, none of my readers choose me for my grammar. They choose me because what I have to say resonates in their (!-hey, but it was plural!) lives. Ill always grimacebut then Ill write just as I would speak to them. And the English perfectionist in me be damned! (Did you notice how many incomplete sentences I used? I feel sure you did. 😉 ) Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 25, 2011 at 10:08 am Great comment Paula, and it reminds us that we write for our audience. If the audience expects a particular type of language, it is our job as writers to give it to them. When Im on the streets of Brooklyn, I ask people if they know where the laundromat is at. Anything else would just sound weird. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: April 30, 2011 at 4:58 pm Thank you for your additional option of using the second person. In the example at hand, it would not work in exactly the language you offered since the author is describing a scenario that occurs in a congregation. However, it could read, â€Å"At Kolot Chayeinu, if you pray because you believe that God will personally make a difference in your daily life, those around you will not be the least bit threatened even if they do not believe in God at all.† Log in to Reply

Analysis of Microfinance Lending and Credit Assessment Methodology

Analysis of Microfinance Lending and Credit Assessment Methodology Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) core activities are driven by a social mission through provision of full range of banking needs to poor people for productive purposes, thereby contributing to the developmentl objective of poverty reduction. MFIs products and services includes micro-credit, micro-savings, micro-insurance and also remittances. Microcredit program is providing financial capital to the poor household in order to engage them in income generating activities for alleviating poverty mostly to finance small businesses agricultural loans. Typically this type of lending is not secured by any collateral but granted based on the client’s ability to generate the necessary financial means for repayment based on his or her business activities. Most of the terms and conditions for microcredit loans are flexible and easy to understand. However, there is no standard lending and credit assessment methodology employed by MFIs. We are motivated to explore and document this resear ch gap. 1.2 The Innovation and Development of Microfinance Industry in Malaysia The provision of microcredit is nothing new in Malaysia. Poverty eradication programs involve provision of credit at subsidised rate to the poor has been around since 1970s after formation of the New Economic Policy (NEP) that was instituted in 1970. The earlier micro credit program was mainly carried out by credit unions, co-operatives, specialised credit institutions and NGOs. The provision of small financing designated mostly to finance micro enterprises, agriculture sector for poverty reduction and to improve income of the Bumiputera. The legislation for microfinance regulation in Malaysia includes, Moneylender Act 2002, Banking and Financial Institution Act 1989, Development Financial Institution Act 2002, and Cooperatives Societies Act 1993, (Zakiah, 2004). The Microfinance business models are based on mass market, cooperatives, monoline and distributor network (BNM, 2010). Majlis Amamah Rakyat (MA RA), a council of trust to the Bumiputera and Credit Guarantee Corporation (CGC) are some of the pioneers to introduce micro credit to micro enterprises. The rural credit institutions comprising of Agriculture Bank of Malaysia (Agrobank), Farmers Organization Authority (LLP), Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA), Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority (RISDA) and other agro-based Co-operative Societies provide micro credit for the agriculture sectors. There are also a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that engage in micro credit provision (Kasim and Jayasooria, 1993). These include Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM), Yayasan Usaha Maju (YUM) and Sabah Credit Corporation (SCC) in Sabah, Koperasi Kredit Rakyat (KKR) in Selangor. Tabung Ekonomi Kumpulan Usaha Niaga (TEKUN) is a government agency micro credit provider. While, Malaysian Islamic Economic Development Foundation (YaPEIM), a cooperatives institution providing Islamic microcredit program based on al -rahnu concept in Malaysia. Prior to 2003, Commercial banks involvement in microfinance program are just limited to extending lines of credit to AIM, and as a mediator for schemes such as the loan fund for hawkers and petty traders operated by the Credit Guarantee Corporation (CGC). In May 2003, the government launched a Micro Credit Scheme, particularly stimulating agricultural production activities as well as expanding small and medium enterprise activities. Two banking institutions namely Agrobank and Bank Simpanan Nasional (BSN), and AIM have been given the responsibility to carry out the scheme. The scheme is collateral free, and borrowers are eligible for a maximum loan of up to RM20,000 with interest rates charged at 4% per annum on reducing balance.

Your body is like a castle under siege.discuss (biology) Essay

Your body is like a castle under siege.discuss (biology) - Essay Example All these cells possess the inherent ability to distinguish between self and non-self antigens while they develop as it is the key requirement in any defense mechanism. Once an antigen or a foreign body is detected these cells put forth a defense mechanism which protects the individual from the invading pathogens and helps to eliminate them. This defense could either be antigen dependent or independent. When immune cells attack any incoming antigen without being specific it is referred to as innate or non-specific immune response. Anatomical barriers such as skin and various body secretions and normal flora present within the body act as the immediate and first line of non-specific defense against the invading pathogens. When the foreign bodies escape these barriers the humoral components of the innate defense mechanism which includes the complement system, coagulation system that help to recruit phagocytic cells and secretion of substances such as interferon’s, lysozyme and i nterleukins play a vital role in eliminating the foreign substances. The cellular components involved in the innate defense mechanism include neutrophils and macrophages which act through phagocytosis, natural killer cells and eosinophils (Mayer, 2009). In contrast to the innate defense, the specific, acquired or adaptive defense mechanisms are antigen dependent. In the specific response a time lag exists between exposure to the antigen and the immune response generated as the acquired immune response is not inherent from birth, instead it is specific and unique to every antigen encountered and a memory of that response is also created by which subsequent exposure to that antigen will generate a similar and a more effective response (Mayer, 2009; Delves, 2008). The lymphocytes present in the blood are the major cells involved in the specific immune response and the two major types of cells, the B and T lymphocytes all of which originate in the